Nalibokskaya forest - a unique historical and natural organism, the formation of which took place i

Nalibokskaya forest - a unique historical and natural organism, the formation of which took place in the XVI-XVIII centuries. Its design significantly contributed to a long stay in the hands of a magnate family - Radziwill. Due to its isolation into an autonomous unit in the system of forest management Radziwill family, forest preserved as a whole, not only on the map, but in the historical consciousness fcl of the population. fcl The ON private property rights fcl extends not only to arable land, but also forests with their wealth. In the 2nd floor. XV - 1st floor. XVI century. Nalibokskaya Forest was in the hands of different owners, the majority of land and forests owned Kezhgaylam. Naliboki (Naliboki) known since 1447, at that time there already existed a temple. Vilna in 1451 Commandant Peter Senka Gedygoldavich records in the will the estate to his wife Naliboki Milohne of Kezhgaylov. In his hands are a Kezhgaylov Naliboki 1485 until mid XVI century. On the other hand, it is known that in 1517 the estate Naliboki (perhaps part of it) was transferred to the Grand Duke Sigismund "eternity" Barbara Stanislav Kischino widow Kiev governor Yury Radziwill. After his death in 1554 the last of the Kezhgaylov, Stanislaus, the estate passes to their descendants from the ranks and depend Shemetava. The process of concentration of land in the hands of Naliboki Forest magnate Radziwill has taken one of its most prominent representatives of Nikolai Radziwill fcl Black, bought in 1555 in the town depend Shemetava and Naliboki with their associated lands and forests. In 1586, during the separation Radziwills possessions between the three branches of education and kind of Nesvizh, dumplings and Olytskoy ordination Naliboki hit of the latter, which was the owner of Stanislaw Radziwill. But actually Naliboki were only one component of the primeval forest, much of which until the end of the XVI century. It was in the hands of other names. Kezhgaylam belonged at first, too much of the forest and Derevnyanskay. In 1525 the Grand Duke Sigismund I gave permission for the establishment of Kezhgaylam Nicholas in the village of the town. After the death in 1554 of Stanislav Kezhgaylam estate passed to John A. Zawisza. After his death in 1557, she left the village Zawisza his wife Euphrosyne Yavfimii with Verbitskaya that there was from his uncle Vaclav Verbitsky recorded in 1400 pennies Lithuanian kopecks, so could hope to return not only the dowry, but also on the estate of her husband. In 1562, she re-married Vishnevetzkogo Andrew, who recorded all his possessions, fcl including the village and received a legacy from his father, George Ventslavovicha Verbitsky, hatavski farm Suvyarkovshchyna. But we know that belonged to Prince Andrew and other hatavskiya ownership (in 1567 mentioned Khotov and washed). In 1569 Andrew Vishnevetskii appealed to Nicholas Christopher Radziwill with the proposal to send a servant to distinguish between fcl his village and the estate Naliboki Radziwill. November 25, 1584 the youngest, 15-year-old daughter Vyshnevetsky, Elzbieta (Galshki) fcl Euphemia, got married in the village of Nicholas Christopher Radziwill Orphan, who is older than her 20 years. Galshki inherited after parents mostly fcl maternal possession: town and village to farm Khotov, and Deryazhnya Island. So, these open spaces also moved to the Radziwill family. Nicholas Christopher Radziwill Orphan continued from father picking Nalibokskaya forest. fcl Behalf of the village and Khotov in 1594-1595 gg. He joined his Niasvizh ordination, partially received, as mentioned above, in a dowry from his wife Elisabeth Yavfimii, partly fcl by acquiring Nicholas fcl Rusetsky. As a result, the bulk of the forest was composed Radziwill large estates, but in spite of this, the process fcl of forming Nalibokskaya forest as a single economic and administrative organism was far from complete. She was still divided between possessions before Niasvizh and the Radziwill family Olytskoy ordination.
In 1599 died without heirs, Stanislaw Radziwill, the first Olytskoy ordinate owner Naliboki. Its lands are transferred to Niasvizh ordination structure, which effectively united Naliboki Forest. But Nesvizh ordinate did not consider these properties as a whole. An example of this is the transfer of Nicholas Christopher fcl in 1601 Derevnyanskay possessions to his son, King Sigismund, who owned them until 1636, the estate has not yet succumbed to his own brother Alexander Ludwig. In fact, the division into Naliboki, Derevnyanskay and Hatavskuyu fcl forest, forest-padlavetstvy later, stores and more. Presumably, economic and demographic crises that accompanied the war mid XVII - early XVIII centuries. Pretty much impact on the economic potential of the forest. Documents for this time are very few. As the prominent Belarusian researcher VI Myaleshka, "at the beginning (XVIII century - DK) century in the field of production (wood crafts - DK) had great difficulties with the labor force caused by the new military devastation, but starting with & # 30