The black powder was invented in ancient China, but no attempt is not made within the borders of th

The black powder was invented in ancient China, but no attempt is not made within the borders of the country in the field of space research and missile development up to 1955 is to Xu Shen Tsien America international is restored. The following year, started the development of China's space program, the current status of this and always faithfully reflected the state of the entire Chinese nation. He's worked his various discoveries introducing arduous journey, experienced international improvements reforms újraélesztéseket and international cooperation. China's space program previously non-existent international industrial, infrastructure, science and technology, "background" evolved. international After 45 years of development, China has risen among the most developed countries in return satellites, the satellites in a single launch vehicle group using a cryogenic propulsion, leaving the accelerator, gears, geo-synchronous satellites, as well as in the management and tracking of satellites. Significant progress has been made in the field of remote sensing, telecommunications, satellites and manned space flight microgravity international experiments and well.
At the start of the Chinese missile and space technology development in the control of Hangcsuban born qualification author Xu Shen Tsien done in America. international Born in 1911, and as a Fellow international of the Boxer Rebellion in 1935 went to the United States. Theodore von Kármán protégé of legendary Tsien became the leading high-speed flights teoretikusává the USA. She collaborated with California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in founding and has worked closely with the then newly founded Aerojet Company. Tsien was one of the top American scientists who directly behind the American front lines in Germany came to the land; modern German aircraft and missile technology and key personalities of the document was found in the United States and contributed to their benefit. Tsien Wernher von Braun, the first time he met immediately.
Returned from Germany, Tsien was compiled summary of work containing a description found by the project's key knowledge and tools for the jet in the laboratory, is made up of about 800 pages, and the United States for the period following the war became the aircraft and rocket technology research "bible" . 1949 Tsien developed the knowledge acquired so far, now that he was able to design international workable intercontinental missiles.
But at the same time Tsien critical homeland and went through a period international of turmoil, civil war broke out, which ended with Mao Zedong and the Communist forces in the victory. The other part of the world and started the cold war era. Stalin exploded an atomic bomb. Publicly remembered the bomb-making international technology was stolen from the United States, Soviet War spies. The former military ally of the United States has become the main enemy. As a result, McCarthy era started in the USA.
Tsien clearly in conflict with itself regarding the loyalty of whom belong to, or allies of his country. On the one hand got the opportunity to become an American citizen in 1949, while a senior scientist from the U.S. Army as an advisor in the post-war development of missile technology. On the other hand, Tsien was aroused Chinese nationalists confront your practice racial discrimination in the United States, so constantly preoccupied with the desire to return to his homeland.
June 1950th 6, Tsien was visited by the FBI and accused members of the Communist Party. Personal freedom is restricted, have made it impossible international for the possibility of further research connection. Attempted to return to China, but has been intercepted and held for five years home detention, during which technical knowledge is becoming more and more obsolete. The 1955 Geneva meetings in connection with the U.S. release prisoners of conscience, Tsien fairly good bargaining position meant the Chinese. Eisenhover personally by word of forgiveness, so the 1955th September Tsien returned home to China.
The creation of the missile and aviation industrial technology in China seemed to be a lengthy process. Calculated to achieve the desired level of metallurgical engineering, mechanical engineering and electronics, a huge task. Tsien assisted in the preparation of a convention concluded with the Soviet Union in 1956, they are based in the Russian nuclear and missile international technology shared with the Chinese, in fact, contributed to the training of Chinese students in Soviet universities as well. The Russians handed over to an upgraded version of the R-2 missile, international the V-2 - for starters. However, in 1960 the Soviet government stopped further cooperation with China. Nevertheless, the following year, Tsien felbocsátotta the first Chinese-built by R-2s.